https://www.dropbox.com/s/xiz257jktl0owu9/Admissibility%20of%20Computer%20Evidence%20in%20Criminal%20Proceedings%201998.pdf?dl=0
The
article *‘Admissibility of Computer Evidence in Criminal Proceedings’ was
originally produced back in 1998 and appeared in a publication produced Professor
David Bainbridge, Aston University, relating to intellectual property and
computer evidence.
After cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 1998 article was written changes took place in **law. These changes related hearsay evidence and presumption of a computer operating properly at cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 material time. In an article “written for a law magazine by Professor Graham Robertson ICAF (now deceased) and me, we discussed cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 merits cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 repeal might have impact regarding evidence. We noted:
“However, with rapid advances in computer technology have
made Section 69 an increasingly difficult hurdle, primarily for cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 Prosecution
to overcome. In a Report, No. 245, produced by cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 Law Commission on
recommendations on "Hearsay Evidence" about computer material it
raised cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 proposition that computers should be accepted in evidence, as a
natural presumption, that cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365y are operating properly at cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 material, thus
recommending repeal of S69 Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984.
“On cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 14th
April 2000 cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 legislation necessary to remove cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 requirement for computer
certification was implemented by virtue of Section 60 Youth Justice and
Criminal Evidence Act 1999. The effects of this implementation, apparently it
brings computer evidence into line with evidence from mechanical sources such
as traffic lights and speedometers.”The purpose of reproducing ‘Admissibility of Computer Evidence in Criminal Proceedings’ is that comments and conclusions stated in cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 article back in 1998 have in part resurfaced in 2013 as noted in cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 following materials.....
The extent to which cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 later 2013 discussions might have impact or introduce change about ‘hearsay evidence’ and ‘presumption’ about computers could require a more in-depth analysis of cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 impact of cybercrime attacks reported on networks and computers that have soared in recent years and occur virtually on a daily basis in 2016.
Governments around cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 world have spent many millions of pounds/euros/dollars in financing law enforcement departments and purchasing hi-tech equipment to combat cybercrime and for capturing evidence from networks and computers, cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 target victims of cybercrime. In cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 UK, by virtue of cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 fact cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 Government acknowledge networks and computers may be compromised, contaminated and unreliable, this position might be difficult (indeed, even be untenable) to reconcile with Statutory law provisions where cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 Government and Legislature have directed Courts of Law to presume networks and computers are reliable and that hearsay evidence should be allowed on that basis.
Indeed, most law enforcement websites now offer advice about cybercrime, furcá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365r underpinning cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 change to cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 technology landscape that was not around when s.69 PACE was repealed.
Cybercrime might well turn out to be cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 technology cause that brings about a re-think for cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 re-introduction of s.69 PACE 1984 or similar legislation with respect to evidence obtained from networks and computers. That might be because back in 1999 when cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 computer was said to be working properly at cá cược thể thao bet365_cách nạp tiền vào bet365_ đăng ký bet365 material time or if not would be down to network faults, software glitches or hardware failure in computers etc., it was presumed not to impact on data (evidence) that might be recorded and stored.
However, attacks on varying network protocol layers, malware, ransomware, Cryptovirology etc. weren’t (or were not as much) prevalent back in 1999 and thus would have had a significantly less influence during repeal of s.69 PACE 1984. Had that debate occurred today, of course, it may well be that an entirely different outcome would be reached.
